Acute, painful sensations in the lower abdomen, the desire for urination - cystitis gives unpleasant symptoms, the first signs of the disease in women are just like that.It is an inflammatory process that occurs on the inner walls of the bladder.The causes and conditions for the development of the disease in women are much more in line than in men.
What is cystitis
The bladder is a muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity, its upper part, which collects urine before exiting the urethra.Here's how the terminal section of the urinary system is arranged in the male and female body.The bladder cavity gradually fills through two ureters, which are conductive pathways for filtered fluid from the kidneys.When the organ is filled to more than half of the volume, the person feels the desire to urinate.This is an unconditional reflex.
The internal environment of the urinary system is sterile, similar to the urine, which is excreted in a healthy person.The ingestion of infectious agents capable of multiplying under these conditions, as well as chemical irritants and allergens, leads to the development of cystitis, the first symptoms of which will immediately show disorders in the chain described.
Inflammatory, allergic and chemical irritation in the bladder can be caused by various causes.The ways in which the irritants penetrate inside also vary.
For women, the so-called ascending path is more typical, that is, the pathogen enters the cavity, rising from the outer urethra.
The same type of cystitis can be found in a young child, especially for a baby, for whom there is no appropriate home care or there is pathology of the postpartum period, organic disorders.
Causes of Occurrence in Women
It is necessary to clearly understand the difference between the causes and conditions that initiate the signs of cystitis in women.The reasons are infectious agents and non -infectious factors.The first group includes:
- opportunistic microorganisms;
- pathogenic microorganisms;
- Causes agents of sexually transmitted diseases.
Opportunistic microbes are called because they exhibit their virulent properties when exposed to appropriate conditions.Usually, causative agents of diseases of this type are representatives of normal vagina or intestinal microflora.They are constantly present on the skin of the genital organs and act as a protective barrier.As a girl becomes hypothermic and absorbs antibiotics, which suppresses not only pathogenic but also normal flora, the number of microbiocenosis is growing rapidly.When they reach a critical mass, they cease to perform a barrier function, changing the pH value of mucous membranes and they themselves become the cause of the inflammation.
In addition, by multiplying, germs are spread in areas unusual for them, for example, urethra, bladder.Pathogenic pathogens become a source of inflammatory reactions during patients in hospital with each profile, but most often a person can become infected in maternity hospitals and obstetric and gynecological departments.They spread microorganisms that cause nosocomial infections.
These pathogens differ from ordinary in this way during the process of multiple passing through weakened organisms, they acquire new characteristics, for example:
- salmonella, which is spread by air droplets;
- resistance to a large number of antibiotics;
- immunity to broad -spectrum antibacterial drugs;
- The ability to use substances unusual for this type as a nutritional substrate.
The clinical course of cystitis, caused by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms that have acquired new properties during development, is characterized by painful manifestations.It is more difficult to fight such cystitis, since the scope of antibacterial drugs is narrowed.
Sexually transmitted diseases cannot occur isolated from the urine organs because of the peculiarities of their anatomical structure.The most common ones are gonorrhea, Trichomonas urethritis and cystitis.Through the urethra, which in women is wider and shorter than in men, bacteria enter the bladder cavity and begin to multiply there.
The causes of non -infectious origin are divided into chemical and allergic factors.Chemical irritants can enter through the blood filtered by the kidneys.These can be medicinal substances, harmful agents with industrial nature, nutritional components.
Allergic remedies are evidence of a deep suppression of the immune system, which responds with hypersensitivity to common substances.
Additional conditions contributing to the development of inflammation are factors such as: hypothermia, wearing synthetic underwear, neglect of personal rules for hygiene, acute and chronic gynecological diseases, birth, eating irritating foods, pregnancy.
Early signs
The first signs of cystitis in women already require treatment by a specialist and the patient's close attention to her body. You can suspect the development of inflammation in the bladder by detecting primary syndrome:
- constant itching in the external genital area;
- the appearance of discharge from the urethra;
- painful, stinging pain after urination;
- urethral pain;
- increased impulse to go to the toilet;
- Changes in color, clarity of urine, the appearance of visible precipitate.
If you do not pay proper attention and do not cure the disease, the first symptoms gradually worsen and the acute disease becomes chronic.
Progressive pathology
The medical history of a patient with chronic cystitis can become quite voluminous if therapy is ignored or not followed by additional rules.Acute symptoms quickly lose their clear character and disappear, no longer cause significant discomfort.
But there are a number of signs of progression of inflammation:
- Adding a secondary infection in the kidney;
- The attacks of exacerbation of the infection are accompanied by fever;
- The general condition deteriorates;
- The amount of urinary output is scarce;
- Urine has a strong odor, is cloudy and can be mixed with pus or blood.
Chronic cystitis is not found isolated;It is complicated by inflammatory processes in the kidneys and gynecological pathologies.
The resistance of the body gradually decreases, infections of other organs cause exacerbation of cystitis and undergo fever, symptoms of general intoxication, severe weakness and malaise.
The urge to urinate is common, but the amount of fluid released is low.This is because it irritates the bladder receptors too much due to the changed balance of pH and pathological impurities.
Urine excretion is painful, spasmodic pain does not allow rest even at night.
The supraphic area is tense, palpation of the abdominal muscles in the lower abdomen is difficult.
Urine has an unpleasant, uncharacteristic pungent odor.When you watch it, you can notice a precipitate that falls to the bottom.
Classic signs of acute and chronic cystitis
The acute process takes place for the first time after contact with an infectious agent, chemical irritant or allergen.Symptoms appear clearly and clearly: acute urination pain, uncomfortable emptying of the bladder, pain in the lower abdomen, itching and burning of the urethral outlet.There may be a short -term fever, nausea or weakness, loss of appetite, and may be related to worsening symptoms after ingestion of irritating foods or drinks.
Chronic pathology is characterized by the fans of the symptoms, the presence of constant discomfort in the supraphic region and the inflammation of pain.At the remission stage, the patient feels quite healthy.Exacerbation occurs after hypothermia, consumption of irritating food or drinks, or recurrence with an allergen.
Types of cystitis in women
Bubble inflammation is classified according to different criteria.
The main types of cystitis include the following:
- by the nature of the process: acute or chronic;
- Due to the occurrence: bacterial, chemical or allergic;
- With associated factors: after birth, secondary, postoperative.
Postoperative cystitis occurs after abortion, delivery via caesarean section and urine is excreted by a catheter.It is this medical instrument that can become a source of infection.
Postpartum Cystitis Characteristics
After birth, the period requires careful attention and monitoring of the woman after birth, especially at home.Compliance with the rules of careful hygiene care and a regime of frequent urination will help to avoid possible complications from the postpartum period and the addition of urinary tract infections.
Postpartum cystitis is found in the same way as any other, but its treatment is difficult as not all medicines can be taken by a nurse.In addition, this period is characterized by the presence of damage to the external genitals, which makes it difficult to urinate and use the usual toilet.
Severe forms of the disease rarely develop because treatment for cystitis does not create significant difficulties.But most often we have to deal with a chronic form that is difficult to adjust with medicines if the causative agent is a multi-resistant microorganism.
Diagnostics
This usually does not create difficulties after thorough history, urine testing and patient testing.The results of the analysis reveal deviations from the norm: decreased specific gravity, altered pH level, the presence of pathological impurities of the blood, leukocytes, sediments, urate and oxalate crystals.
If necessary, an ultrasound examination and X -ray contrast image are prescribed to clarify the etiology of the disease.
Treatment
It is mandatory to treat complete or chronic cystitis.The use of different methods of therapy simultaneously contributes to the rapid recovery of the patient.
The main therapeutic agents are:
- antimicrobial tablets;
- anti -inflammatory drugs;
- analgesics and antispasmodics;
- physiotherapy (in remission);
- diet;
- Traditional methods.
Medicines for the treatment of cystitis are prescribed by a specialist.Anti -inflammatory drugs are preferably prescribed by the group of non -steroidal drugs;They have antispasmodic and analgesic activity.
The diet involves excluding the diet sour, acidic, spicy foods that have an irritating effect.In this case, it is necessary to drink at least two liters of fluid a day to disinfect the bladder.
Folk recipes
Alternative medicine has gained extensive experience in the treatment of urological infections.The recipes have many positive reviews, which confirms the effectiveness of the methods.But they can only be used in combination with medication treatment.
Good results are obtained by ingesting a decoction of the root of parsley, chamomile and tincture of the leaves of linguri.Drinking Lingonberry juice has an excellent rehabilitation effect.The healing qualities of "bear ears" and red blueberries have long been known.You can prepare the following composition and take it three times a day after a meal:
- Take dry herbs of rosemary, hunting, centari and pink thighs in equal proportions;
- Pour boiling water for 30 minutes;
- Boil in a water bath for 20 minutes;
- Leave for 30 minutes;
- Strain and drink as much as above.
It is contraindicated in drinking alcohol, strong drinks or smoking during treatment.
Prevention
Cystic prevention measures are simple but effective.You need to carefully follow the rules of care, sexual culture, often change hygiene products and underwear, to avoid hypothermia and consumption of irritating foods and drinks.